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Evokation
  
 
Index
  

 

 

 

 

11
THE ADVENT
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
6
ADVENT
66
21
3
9
THE ADVENT
99
36
9
-
-
9+9
3+6
-
2
THE ADVENT
9
9
9

 

WISE WISDOM LOST AT SEA DROWNED IN A SEE OF KNOWLEDGE

 

 

 

 

...

 

 

 

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

....

3
GOD
26
17
8
2
IS
28
10
1
10
EVERYWHERE
134
62
8
2
IS
28
10
1
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
2
IS
28
10
1
6
ALWAYS
81
18
9
2
IS
28
10
1

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
I
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
9
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
ME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1

 

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

 

 

 

THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY

THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE

AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED

THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF

THE

ALPHABET

IS

GIVEN

A

NUMERICAL

VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS

REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS

THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
-
Z
=
8
1
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
F
=
6
2
5
FIRST
72
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
-
S
=
1
3
6
SECOND
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
4
5
THIRD
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
5
6
FOURTH
88
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
6
5
FIFTH
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
7
5
SIXTH
80
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
7
-
S
=
1
8
7
SEVENTH
93
30
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
6
EIGHTH
57
39
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
10
5
NINTH
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
41
-
54
Add
687
300
48
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+1
-
5+4
Reduce
6+8+7
3+0+0
4+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
5
-
9
Deduce
21
3
12
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce
2+1
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
5
-
9
Essence
3
3
3
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
-
Z
=
8
1
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
10
5
NINTH
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
8
7
SEVENTH
93
30
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
6
EIGHTH
57
39
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
6
5
FIFTH
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
4
5
THIRD
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
2
-
S
=
1
3
6
SECOND
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
5
6
FOURTH
88
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
7
5
SIXTH
80
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
1
-
F
=
6
2
5
FIRST
72
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
45
-
-
-
41
-
54
Add
687
300
48
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+1
-
5+4
Reduce
6+8+7
3+0+0
4+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
5
-
9
Deduce
21
3
12
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce
2+1
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
5
-
9
Essence
3
3
3
-
1
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

NUMBERS RE-ARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

 

www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/algorithm

a procedure for solving a mathematical problem (as of finding the greatest common divisor) in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an ...

algorithm [ˈælgəˌrɪðəm]
n
1. (Mathematics) a logical arithmetical or computational procedure that if correctly applied ensures the solution of a problem Compare heuristic
2. (Mathematics) Logic Maths a recursive procedure whereby an infinite sequence of terms can be generated Also called algorism
[changed from algorism, through influence of Greek arithmos number]
algorithmic adj
aal·go·rithm (lg-rm)
n.
A step-by-step problem-solving procedure, especially an established, recursive computational procedure for solving a problem in a finite number of steps.
algorithmically adv

algorithm (lg-rthm)
A finite set of unambiguous instructions performed in a prescribed sequence to achieve a goal, especially a mathematical rule or procedure used to compute a desired result. Algorithms are the basis for most computer programming.

Noun 1. algorithm - a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem
algorithmic program, algorithmic rule
formula, rule - (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; "he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs"; "he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials"
sorting algorithm - an algorithm for sorting a list
stemming algorithm, stemmer - an algorithm for removing inflectional and derivational endings in order to reduce word forms to a common stem algorithm
any methodology for solving a certain kind of problem.
See also: Mathematics

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

logarithm
/ˈlɒɡərɪð(ə)m,-rɪθ-/
noun
noun: logarithm; plural noun: logarithms; noun: log

a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number.
"proportional to the logarithm to the base 10 of the concentration"

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LOGARITHM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
1
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
4
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
49
-
9
LOGARITHM
103
49
49
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
13
13
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LOGARITHM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
1
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
4
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
49
-
9
LOGARITHM
103
49
49
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
13
13
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LOGARITHM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
4
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
1
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
49
-
9
LOGARITHM
103
49
49
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
13
13
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LOGARITHM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
4
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
1
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
49
-
9
LOGARITHM
103
49
49
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
13
13
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

LOGARITHMS

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LOGARITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
1
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
4
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
41
-
10
LOGARITHMS
122
50
41
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+1
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+0
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
9
LOGARITHMS
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LOGARITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
1
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
4
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
41
-
10
LOGARITHMS
122
50
41
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+1
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+0
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
9
LOGARITHMS
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LOGARITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
4
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
1
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
41
-
10
LOGARITHMS
122
50
41
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+1
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+0
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
9
LOGARITHMS
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
LOGARITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
4
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
1
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
41
-
10
LOGARITHMS
122
50
41
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+1
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+0
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
9
LOGARITHMS
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

Math Forum: Ask Dr. Math FAQ: About e

mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.e.html

e = 2.71828..., the Base of Natural Logarithms. e is a real number constant that appears in some kinds of mathematics problems. Examples of such problems are those ...

_____________________________________________


What is e? Who first used e? How do you find it? How many digits does it have?

e = 2.71828..., the Base of Natural Logarithms

e is a real number constant that appears in some kinds of mathematics problems. Examples of such problems are those involving growth or decay (including compound interest), the statistical "bell curve," the shape of a hanging cable (or the Gateway Arch in St. Louis), some problems of probability, some counting problems, and even the study of the distribution of prime numbers. It appears in Stirling's Formula for approximating factorials. It also shows up in calculus quite often, wherever you are dealing with either logarithmic or exponential functions. There is also a connection between e and complex numbers, via Euler's Equation

 

 

F
=
6
-
3
FOR
39
21
3
E
=
5
-
5
EVERY
75
30
3
A
=
1
-
6
ACTION
62
26
8
T
=
2
-
5
THERE
56
29
2
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
A
=
1
-
2
AN
15
6
6
E
=
5
-
5
EQUAL
56
20
2
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
O
=
6
-
8
OPPOSITE
115
43
7
R
=
9
-
8
REACTION
85
40
4
-
-
45
4
46
First Total
550
244
37
-
-
4+5
-
4+6
Add to Reduce
5+5+0
2+4+4
3+7
Q
-
9
-
10
Second Total
10
10
10
-
-
-
4
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
9
5
1
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
5
ADDED
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MINUS
76
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
4
NONE
48
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHARED
55
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
10
MULTIPLIED
121
49
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
9
ABUNDANCE
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
58
First Total
995
266
59
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
14
8
18
-
-
3+5
-
5+8
Add to Reduce
9+9+5
2+6+6
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
13
Second Total
23
14
14
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
2+3
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
4
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9

 

 

ADVENT 2145 ADVENT

 

7
GENESIS
78
33
6
9
LEVITICUS
120
39
3
10
I CHRONICLES
106
52
7
10
II CHRONICLES
106
52
7
4
EZRA
50
23
5
6
ESTHER
75
30
3
8
NEHEMIAH
63
45
9
6
PSALMS
80
17
8
8
PROVERBS
115
43
7
12
ECCLESIASTES
120
39
3
13
SONG OF SOLOMON
179
62
8
12
LAMENTATIONS
143
44
8
7
EZEKIEL
73
37
1
6
DANIEL
45
27
9
7
OBADIAH
40
31
4
5
JONAH
48
21
3
5
MICAH
34
25
7
5
HOSEA
48
21
3
3
JOB
27
9
9
5
NAHUM
57
21
3
8
HABAKKUK
66
21
3
9
ZEPHANIAH
88
52
7
6
HAGGAI
33
33
6
9
ZECHARIAH
83
56
2
7
MALACHI
47
29
2
12
ECCLESIASTES
120
39
3
6
ISAIAH
47
29
2
8
PROVERBS
115
43
7
6
JOSHUA
74
20
2
6
JUDGES
66
21
3
4
RUTH
67
22
4
6
I SAMUEL
71
17
8
6
II SAMUEL
71
17
8
5
I KINGS
60
24
6
5
II KINGS
60
24
6
7
MATTHEW
90
27
9
4
MARK
43
16
7
4
LUKE
49
13
4
4
JOHN
47
20
2
7
THE ACTS
76
22
4
4
ACTS
43
7
7
11
I CORINTHIANS
130
58
4
11
II CORINTHIANS
130
58
4
9
GALATIANS
84
30
3
9
EPHESIANS
96
42
6
11
PHILIPPIANS
129
66
3
10
COLOSSIANS
126
36
9
13
I THESSALONIANS
156
48
3
13
II THESSALONIANS
156
48
3
7
I TIMOTHY
110
38
2
7
II TIMOTHY
110
38
2
5
TITUS
89
17
8
8
PHILEMON
92
47
2
12
TO THE HEBREWS
14
EPISTLE OF JAMES
48
12
3
5
I PETER
64
28
1
5
II PETER
64
28
1
4
I JOHN
47
20
2
4
II JOHN
47
20
2
4
JUDE
40
13
4
10
REVELATION
121
49
4

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
2
IR
27
18
9
3
CIR
30
21
3
4
CIRC
33
24
6
5
CIRCE
38
29
2
5
CIRCL
45
27
9
6
CIRCLE
50
32
5
7
CIRCLES
69
33
6
12
CIRCUMSCRIBE
123
60
6
13
CIRCUMSCRIBES
142
61
7
13
CIRCUMSCRIBED
127
64
1
13
CIRCUMFERENCE
123
69
6
14
CIRCUMFERENCES
142
70
7
10
CIRCUMCISE
103
49
4
11
CIRCUMCISED
107
53
8
11
CIRCUMCISES
122
50
5
12
CIRCUMSTANCE
129
48
3
13
CIRCUMSTANCES
148
49
4
8
CIRCLING
75
48
3
10
CIRCUMVENT
128
47
2
6
CIRCUM
67
31
4

 

 

J
=
1
7
JANUARY
90
27
9
F
=
6
8
FEBRUARY
96
42
6
M
=
4
5
MARCH
43
25
7
A
=
1
5
APRIL
56
29
2
M
=
4
3
MAY
39
12
3
J
=
1
4
JUNE
50
14
5
J
=
1
4
JULY
68
14
5
A
=
1
6
AUGUST
89
17
8
S
=
1
9
SEPTEMBER
103
40
4
O
=
6
7
OCTOBER
78
33
6
N
=
5
8
NOVEMBER
94
40
4
D
=
4
8
DECEMBER
55
37
1

 

 

5
MONTH
70
25
7
6
MONTHS
89
26
8
6
TWELVE
87
24
6

 

 

4
HAVE
36
18
9
4
MUCH
45
18
9

 

 

4
VICE
39
21
3
6
VIRTUE
95
32
5
10
-
134
53
8
1+0
-
1+3+4
5+3
-
1
-
8
8
8

 

 

5
VICES
58
22
4
7
VIRTUES
114
33
6

 

 

6
C
A
B
A
L
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
1
2
1
12
1
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
-
-
-
3
1
2
1
3
1
+
=
11
1+1
=
2
-
-
6
C
A
B
A
L
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
6
C
A
B
A
L
A
-
-
6
-
-
5
-
10

 

 

5
JUDAH
44
17
8
7
JUDAISM
-
-
-
-
J+U+D+A
36
9
9
-
I
9
9
9
-
S+M
32
14
5
7
JUDAISM
77
32
23
-
-
7+7
3+2
2+3
3
-
14
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
7
JUDAISM
5
5
5

 

 

7
MISHNAH
72
36
9
5
TORAH
62
26
8

 

 

5
MERIT
-
-
-
-
M+E
18
9
9
-
R
18
9
9
-
I
9
9
9
-
T
20
2
2
5
MERIT
65
20
20
-
-
6+5
2+0
2+0
3
-
11
2
2
-
-
1+1
-
-
5
MERIT
2
2
2

 

 

7
SPECIAL
65
29
2

 

 

8
HINDUISM
-
-
-
-
H
8
8
8
-
I
9
9
9
-
N+D
18
9
9
-
U
21
3
3
-
I
9
9
9
-
S+M
32
14
5
8
HINDUISM
97
52
43
-
-
9+7
5+2
4+3
-
-
16
7
7
-
-
1+6
-
-
8
HINDUISM
7
7
7

 

 

4
SELF
42
15
6
3
YOU
61
16
7
3
GOD
26
17
8
2
ME
18
18
9

 

 

8
MANDUKYA
90
27
9
9
UPANISHAD
93
39
3

 

 

11
SETTEMBRINI
134
53
8

 

 

7
SANTANA
70
16
7
6
DHARMA
45
27
9

 

 

REAL REALITY REVEALED HAVE I MENTIONED GODS DIVINE THOUGHT HAVE I MENTIONED

THAT

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

4

 

-
REAL
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
3
E+A+L
18
9
9
4
REAL
36
18
18
-
-
3+6
1+8
1+8
4
REAL
9
9
9

 

 

-
REALITY
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
3
E+A+L
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
2
T+Y
45
9
9
7
REALITY
90
36
36
-
-
9+0
3+6
3+6
7
REALITY
9
9
9

 

 

-
REVEALED
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
2
E+V
27
9
9
3
E+A+L
18
9
9
2
E+D
9
9
9
8
REVEALED
72
36
36
-
-
7+2
3+6
3+6
8
REVEALED
9
9
9

 

 

-
REAL
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
3
E+A+L
18
9
9
-
REALITY
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
3
E+A+L
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
2
T+Y
45
9
9
12
REVEALED
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
2
E+V
27
9
9
3
E+A+L
18
9
9
2
E+D
9
9
9
19
First Total
198
90
36
1+9
Add to Reduce
1+9+8
9+0
3+6
10
Second Total
18
9
9
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

4
REAL
36
18
9
7
REALITY
90
36
9
8
REVEALED
72
36
9
19
First Total
198
90
27
1+9
Add to Reduce
1+9+8
9+0
2+7
10
Second Total
18
9
9
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
REAL REALITY REVEALED
-
-
-
R
=
18
=
9
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
E+A+L
18
9
9
R
=
18
=
9
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
E+A+L
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
T+Y
45
9
9
R
=
18
=
9
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
E+V
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
E+A+L
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
E+D
9
9
9
-
-
54
-
27
REAL REALITY REVEALED
-
-
-
-
-
5+4
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
REAL REALITY REVEALED
-
-
-

 

 

12
REVEALED
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
2
E+V
27
9
9
3
E+A+L
18
9
9
2
E+D
9
9
9
8
REVEALED
72
36
36
-
-
7+2
3+6
3+6
8
REVEALED
9
9
9

 

I

SAY

SEE THE R IN ELEVATION REVELATION

SEE THE R IN EVOLUTION REVOLUTION

 

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE 9999999 LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

 

 

I

SAY

THEE SEE E SEE SEE THAT SEE

 

I

SAY

TH55 S55 5 S55 S55 THAT S55

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE HUMAN EGO
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
E
=
5
-
3
EGO
27
18
9
-
-
15
-
11
THE HUMAN EGO
117
54
18
-
-
1+5
-
1+1
-`
1+1+7
5+4
1+8
-
-
6
-
2
THE HUMAN EGO
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE EVER PRESENT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PRESENT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
THE
33
15
6
E
=
5
-
4
EVER
50
23
5
P
=
7
-
7
PRESENT
97
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
180
81
18
P
=
7
-
7
PRESENT
97
43
7
S
-
21
4
22
First Total
277
124
25
-
-
2+1
-
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+7
1+2+4
2+5
S
-
3
4
4
Second Total
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+6
-
-
-
-
3
-
4
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

T
=
2
-
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
244
92
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
-
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
4
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
5
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
7
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
23
-
4
-
50
23
23
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
14
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
-
7
-
97
43
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
15
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
17
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
18
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
21
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
-
7
-
97
43
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
106
4
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
277
124
25
-
2
6
3
4
45
6
14
8
27
-
-
1+0+6
-
2+1
-`
2+7+7
1+2+4
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+4
-
2+7
S
-
7
4
3
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
16
7
7
-
2
6
3
4
9
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-`
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
1
1
1
-
2
6
3
4
9
6
5
8
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
244
92
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
4
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
V
=
4
5
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
7
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
14
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
15
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
E
=
5
17
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
18
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
21
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
106
4
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
277
124
25
-
2
6
3
4
45
6
14
8
27
-
-
1+0+6
-
2+1
-`
2+7+7
1+2+4
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+4
-
2+7
S
-
7
4
3
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
16
7
7
-
2
6
3
4
9
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-`
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
1
1
1
-
2
6
3
4
9
6
5
8
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
244
92
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
18
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
14
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
21
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
V
=
4
5
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
4
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
17
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
P
=
7
15
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
7
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
106
4
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
277
124
25
-
2
6
3
4
45
6
14
8
27
-
-
1+0+6
-
2+1
-`
2+7+7
1+2+4
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+4
-
2+7
S
-
7
4
3
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
16
7
7
-
2
6
3
4
9
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-`
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
1
1
1
-
2
6
3
4
9
6
5
8
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
-
-
-
-
1
2
4
5
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
244
92
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
4
5
7
8
9
S
=
1
11
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
18
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
14
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
21
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
5
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
4
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
17
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
19
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
20
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
P
=
7
15
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
7
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
16
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
106
4
21
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
277
124
25
-
2
6
4
45
14
8
27
-
-
1+0+6
-
2+1
-`
2+7+7
1+2+4
2+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
1+4
-
2+7
S
-
7
4
3
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
16
7
7
-
2
6
4
9
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-`
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
THE EVER PRESENT PRESENT
1
1
1
-
2
6
4
9
5
8
9

 

 

LETTERS TRANSCRIBED INTO NUMBERS

IONE1 TO 9NINE

REARRANGED NUMERICALLY.

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTENMENT
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
1
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
10
1
M
13
4
4
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
65
-
13
ENLIGHTENMENT
146
65
65
-
1
4
3
4
30
6
7
8
9
-
-
6+5
-
1+3
-
1+4+6
6+5
6+5
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
4
ENLIGHTENMENT
11
11
11
-
1
4
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
4
ENLIGHTENMENT
2
2
2
-
1
4
3
4
3
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTENMENT
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
1
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
10
1
M
13
4
4
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
65
-
13
ENLIGHTENMENT
146
65
65
-
1
4
3
4
30
6
7
8
9
-
-
6+5
-
1+3
-
1+4+6
6+5
6+5
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
4
ENLIGHTENMENT
11
11
11
-
1
4
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
4
ENLIGHTENMENT
2
2
2
-
1
4
3
4
3
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSCRIBED INTO NUMBERS

IONE1 TO 9NINE

REARRANGED NUMERICALLY.

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTENMENT
-
-
-
-
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
13
1
T
20
2
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
10
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
11
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
12
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
65
-
13
ENLIGHTENMENT
146
65
65
-
4
3
4
30
7
8
9
-
-
6+5
-
1+3
-
1+4+6
6+5
6+5
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
4
ENLIGHTENMENT
11
11
11
-
4
3
4
3
7
8
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
4
ENLIGHTENMENT
2
2
2
-
4
3
4
3
7
8
9

 

ENLIGHTENS

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTENS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
9
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
2
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ENLIGHTENS
113
59
50
-
1
2
3
4
20
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+1+3
5+9
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
ENLIGHTENS
5
14
5
-
1
2
3
4
2
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
ENLIGHTENS
5
5
2
-
1
2
3
4
2
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSCRIBED INTO NUMBERS

IONE1 TO 9NINE

REARRANGED NUMERICALLY

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTENS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
2
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ENLIGHTENS
113
59
50
-
1
2
3
4
20
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+1+3
5+9
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
ENLIGHTENS
5
14
5
-
1
2
3
4
2
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
ENLIGHTENS
5
5
2
-
1
2
3
4
2
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTENS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
7
8
9
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ENLIGHTENS
113
59
50
-
1
2
3
20
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+1+3
5+9
5+0
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
ENLIGHTENS
5
14
5
-
1
2
3
2
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
1
ENLIGHTENS
5
5
2
-
1
2
3
2
7
8
9

 

ENLIGHTEN

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTEN
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
1
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
9
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
1
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
94
49
50
-
1
2
3
4
20
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
13
13
5
-
1
2
3
4
2
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
4
4
2
-
1
2
3
4
2
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSCRIBED INTO NUMBERS

IONE1 TO 9NINE

REARRANGED NUMERICALLY

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTEN
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
1
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
1
-
3
4
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
4
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
94
49
50
-
1
2
3
4
20
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
13
13
5
-
1
2
3
4
2
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
4
4
2
-
1
2
3
4
2
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ENLIGHTEN
-
-
-
-
2
3
5
7
8
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
2
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
G
=
7
5
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
6
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
4
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
94
49
50
-
2
3
20
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
-
-
9+4
4+9
5+0
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
13
13
5
-
2
3
2
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
ENLIGHTEN
4
4
2
-
2
3
2
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
EN- LIGHT-EN
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
L
=
3
-
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
23
-
9
EN- LIGHT-EN
94
49
22
-
-
2+3
-
-
-`
9+4
4+9
2+2
-
-
5
-
9
EN- LIGHT-EN
13
13
4
-
-
2+3
-
-
-`
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
5
-
9
EN- LIGHT-EN
4
4
4

 

 

WISE W IS E WISE

WISE W IS E WISE

5IS5 5 IS 5 5IS5

WISE W IS E WISE

WISE W IS E WISE

1234 5 6789

 

-
WISE
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
IS
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
2
WISE
28
10
10
-
-
2+8
2+0
1+0
2
WISE
10
1
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
2
WISE
1
1
1

 

 

4
WISE
-
-
-
-
W
23
5
5
-
IS
28
10
1
-
E
5
5
5
4
WISE
56
20
11
-
-
5+6
2+0
1+1
4
WISE
11
2
2
-
-
1+1
-
-
4
WISE
2
2
2

 

 

-
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
9
19
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-``
-
23
-
-
5
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
9
19
5
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
5
9
1
5
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
-
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
20
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
15
-
-
6
-
20
-
20
2+0
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
1+1
2
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
2
-
2
-
-
5
9
1
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
2
-
2

 

 

4
W
I
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
9
19
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
23
-
-
5
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
9
19
5
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
5
9
1
5
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
15
-
-
6
-
20
-
20
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
1+1
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
2
-
2
-
5
9
1
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
W
I
S
E
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
2
-
2

 

 

4
WISE
-
-
-
-
W
23
5
5
-
IS
28
10
1
-
E
5
5
5
4
WISE
56
20
11
-
-
5+6
2+0
1+1
4
WISE
11
2
2
-
-
1+1
-
-
4
WISE
2
2
2

 

 

-
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
9
19
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-``
-
23
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
9
19
-
5
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
5
-
9
1
-
5
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
-
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
20
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
15
-
-
6
-
20
-
20
2+0
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
1+1
2
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
2
-
2
-
-
5
-
9
1
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
2
-
2

 

 

4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
9
19
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
23
-
-
-
-
5
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
9
19
-
5
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
5
-
9
1
-
5
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
15
-
-
6
-
20
-
20
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
1+1
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
2
-
2
-
5
-
9
1
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
W
-
I
S
-
E
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
2
-
2

 

 

4
WISE
-
-
-
-
W
23
5
5
-
IS
28
10
1
-
E
5
5
5
4
WISE
56
20
11
-
-
5+6
2+0
1+1
4
WISE
11
2
2
-
-
1+1
-
-
4
WISE
2
2
2

 

WISE W IS E WISE

WISE W IS E WISE5IS5 5 IS 5 5IS5

WISE W IS E WISE

WISE W IS E WISE

 

-
WISE
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
IS
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
2
WISE
28
10
10
-
-
2+8
2+0
1+0
2
WISE
10
1
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
2
WISE
1
1
1

 

1234 5 6789

 

-
WISDOM
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
IS
-
-
-
3
D+O+M
32
14
5
4
WISDOM
55
19
10
-
-
5+5
1+9
1+0
4
WISDOM
10
10
1
-
-
1+0
1+1
1+1
4
WISDOM
1
1
1

 

WISDOM W IS DOM WISDOM

WISDOM W IS DOM WISDOM

5IS5 5 IS 5 5IS5

WISDOM W IS DOM WISDOM

WISDOM W IS DOM WISDOM

 

6
WISDOM
-
-
-
-
W
23
5
5
-
IS
28
10
1
-
D+O+M
32
14
5
6
WISDOM
83
29
10
-
-
8+3
2+9
2+0
6
WISDOM
11
11
2
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
6
WISDOM
2
2
2

 

 

6
WISDOM
-
-
-
-
W
23
5
5
-
I
9
9
9
-
S+D+O+M
51
15
6
6
WISDOM
83
29
20
-
-
8+3
2+9
2+0
6
WISDOM
11
11
2
-
-
1+1
1+1
1+1
6
WISDOM
2
2
2

 

 

-
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
6
-
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
9
19
-
15
-
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
-
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
4
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-``
-
23
-
-
4
-
13
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
=
4
-
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
9
19
4
15
13
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
-
-
5
9
1
4
6
4
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
-
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
20
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
25
-
-
6
-
29
2+0
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
2+9
2
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
11
-
-
5
9
1
4
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
2
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
2

 

 

6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
-
6
-
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
-
-
9
19
-
15
-
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
4
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
-
23
-
-
4
-
13
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
=
4
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
9
19
4
15
13
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
-
5
9
1
4
6
4
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
25
-
-
6
-
29
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
2+9
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
11
-
5
9
1
4
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
6
W
I
S
D
O
M
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
2

 

1234 5 6789

WISDOM W IS DOM WISDOM

WISDOM W IS DOM WISDOM

5IS5 5 IS 5 5IS5

WISDOM W IS DOM WISDOM

WISDOM W IS DOM WISDOM

1234 5 6789

 

-
WISDOM
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
IS
-
-
-
3
D+O+M
32
14
5
4
WISDOM
55
19
10
-
-
5+5
1+9
1+0
4
WISDOM
10
10
1
-
-
1+0
1+1
1+1
4
WISDOM
1
1
1

 

 

1234 5 6789

WISE W IS E WISE

WISE W IS E WISE

5IS5 5 IS 5 5IS5

WISE W IS E WISE

WISE W IS E WISE

1234 5 6789

 

-
WISE
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
IS
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
2
WISE
28
10
10
-
-
2+8
2+0
1+0
2
WISE
10
1
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
2
WISE
1
1
1

 

 

EUS USE USE EUS

ODYSSEUS

PERSEUS

ZEUS

THESEUS

ORPHEUS

PROMETHEUS

EUS USE USE EUS

5+3+1 3+5+1 3+5+1 5+3+1

 

 

-
ODYSSEUS
-
-
-
-
O+D+Y+S+S
82
19
1
-
E
5
5
5
-
U
21
3
3
-
S
19
1
1
8
ODYSSEUS
127
28
19
-
-
1+2+7
2+8
1+9
8
ODYSSEUS
10
10
10
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
8
ODYSSEUS
1
1
1

 

PERSEUS PURSUES

 

-
PERSEUS
-
-
-
-
P+E+R+S
58
22
4
-
E
5
5
5
-
U
21
3
3
-
S
19
1
1
7
PERSEUS
103
31
22
-
-
1+0+3
3+1
2+2
7
PERSEUS
13
4
4
-
-
1+3
-
-
7
PERSEUS
4
4
4

 

 

-
PERSEUS
-
-
-
2
PE
21
12
3
1
R
18
9
9
2
SE
24
6
6
1
U
21
3
3
1
S
19
1
1
7
PERSEUS
103
31
22
-
-
1+0+3
3+1
2+2
7
PERSEUS
13
4
4
-
-
1+3
-
-
7
PERSEUS
4
4
4

 

 

-
THESEUS
-
-
-
-
THES
52
16
7
-
E
5
5
5
-
U
21
3
3
-
S
19
1
1
7
THESEUS
97
25
16
-
-
9+7
2+5
1+6
7
THESEUS
16
7
7
-
-
1+6
-
-
7
THESEUS
7
7
7

 

 

-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
ORPH
57
30
3
-
E
5
5
5
-
U
21
3
3
-
S
19
1
1
7
ORPHEUS
102
39
17
-
-
1+0+2
3+9
1+7
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
3
-
-
-
1+2
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3

 

 

-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
PROMETH
95
41
5
-
E
5
5
5
-
U
21
3
3
-
S
19
1
1
10
PROMETHEUS
71
17
17
1+0
-
7+1
1+7
1+7
1
PROMETHEUS
8
8
8

 

 

-
HERCULES
-
-
-
-
HERCU
55
28
1
-
L
12
3
3
-
E
5
5
5
-
S
19
1
1
8
HERCULES
97
25
16
-
-
9+7
2+5
1+6
8
HERCULES
16
7
7
-
-
1+6
-
-
8
HERCULES
7
7
7

 

 

-
ACHILLES
-
-
-
-
ACHIL
33
24
6
-
L
12
3
3
-
E
5
5
5
-
S
19
1
1
8
ACHILLES
97
25
16
-
-
9+7
2+5
1+6
8
ACHILLES
16
7
7
-
-
1+6
-
-
8
ACHILLES
7
7
7

 

 

-
ZEUS
-
-
-
-
Z
26
8
8
-
EUS
45
9
9
5
ZEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ODYSSEUS
-
-
-
-
ODYSS
82
19
1
-
EUS
45
9
9
8
ODYSSEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PERSEUS
-
-
-
-
PERS
58
22
4
-
EUS
45
9
9
7
PERSEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THESEUS
-
-
-
-
THES
52
16
7
-
EUS
45
9
9
7
THESEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
ORPH
57
30
3
-
EUS
45
9
9
7
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
PROMETH
95
41
5
-
EUS
45
9
9
10
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HERCULES
-
-
-
-
HERCU
55
28
1
-
LES
36
9
9
8
HERCULES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ACHILLES
-
-
-
-
ACHIL
55
28
1
-
LES
36
9
9
8
ACHILLES
-
-
-

 

 

-
ZEUS
-
-
-
-
Z
-
-
-
-
EUS
45
9
9
5
ZEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ODYSSEUS
-
-
-
-
ODYSS
-
-
-
-
EUS
45
9
9
8
ODYSSEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PERSEUS
-
-
-
-
PERS
-
-
-
-
EUS
45
9
9
7
PERSEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THESEUS
-
-
-
-
THES
-
-
-
-
EUS
45
9
9
7
THESEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
ORPH
-
-
-
-
EUS
45
9
9
7
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
PROMETH
-
-
-
-
EUS
45
9
9
10
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HERCULES
-
-
-
-
HERCU
-
-
-
-
LES
36
9
9
8
HERCULES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ACHILLES
-
-
-
-
ACHIL
-
-
-
-
LES
36
9
9
8
ACHILLES
-
-
-

 

 

-
ZEUS
E
U
S
-
Z
-
-
-
-
EUS
5
3
1
5
ZEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ODYSSEUS
-
-
-
-
ODYSS
-
-
-
-
EUS
5
3
1
8
ODYSSEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PERSEUS
-
-
-
-
PERS
-
-
-
-
EUS
5
3
1
7
PERSEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THESEUS
-
-
-
-
THES
-
-
-
-
EUS
5
3
1
7
THESEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
ORPH
-
-
-
-
EUS
5
3
1
7
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-
-
PROMETH
-
-
-
-
EUS
5
3
1
10
PROMETHEUS
-
-
-

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
-
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
39
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+8
3+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
12
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
39
-
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
39
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+8
3+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
12
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
39
-
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
39
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
3+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+8
3+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
12
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3
-
1
3
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

Orpheus - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus

Mythology - Orpheus is a legendary musician, poet, and prophet in ancient Greek religion and myth. The major stories about him are centered on ...
?Eurydice · Orphism (religion) ·Orpheus and Eurydice · Orpheus Monument

Orpheus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Orpheus

DSC00355 - Orfeo (epoca romana) - Foto G. Dall'Orto.jpg
Roman mosaic depicting Orpheus, wearing a Phrygian cap and surrounded by the beasts charmed by the music of his lyre

Abode
Pimpleia, Pieria

Symbol
Lyre

Personal Information

Born
Pimpleia, Pieria

Died
Pangaion Hills, Macedonia, Greece

Spouse
Eurydice

Children
Musaeus

Parents
Oeagrus or Apollo and Calliope

Siblings
The Graces, Linus

Orpheus (/'??rfi?s, '??rfju?s/; Greek: ??fe??) is a legendary musician, poet, and prophet in ancient Greek religion and myth. The major stories about him are centered on his ability to charm all living things and even stones with his music, his attempt to retrieve his wife, Eurydice, from the underworld, and his death at the hands of those who could not hear his divine music. As an archetype of the inspired singer, Orpheus is one of the most significant figures in the reception of classical mythology in Western culture, portrayed or alluded to in countless forms of art and popular culture including poetry, film, opera, music, and painting.[1]

Orpheus was born as a son of the Muse Kalliope and the Thracian king Oeagrus in a cave between Pimpleia and Leivithra.[2]

For the Greeks, Orpheus was a founder and prophet of the so-called "Orphic" mysteries. He was credited with the composition of the Orphic Hymns, a collection of which only two have survived.[3] Shrines containing purported relics of Orpheus were regarded as oracles. Some ancient Greek sources note Orpheus' Thracian origins.[4]

Orpheus (left, with lyre) among the Thracians, from an Attic red-figure bell-krater (c. 440 BC)[5]
The earliest literary reference to Orpheus is a two-word fragment of the sixth-century BC lyric poet Ibycus: onomaklyton Orphen ("Orpheus famous-of-name"). He is not mentioned in Homer or Hesiod.[6] Most ancient sources accept his historical existence; Aristotle is an exception.[7][8]

Pindar calls Orpheus "the father of songs"[9] and identifies him as a son of the Thracian king Oeagrus[10] and the Muse Calliope.[11]

Greeks of the Classical age venerated Orpheus as the greatest of all poets and musicians; it was said that while Hermes had invented the lyre, Orpheus had perfected it. Poets such as Simonides of Ceos said that Orpheus' music and singing could charm the birds, fish and wild beasts, coax the trees and rocks into dance,[12] and divert the course of rivers. Orpheus was one of the handful of Greek heroes[13] to visit the Underworld and return; his music and song even had power over Hades.

Some sources credit Orpheus with further gifts to mankind: medicine, which is more usually under the aegis of Aesculapius or Apollo; writing,[14] which is usually credited to Cadmus; and agriculture, where Orpheus assumes the Eleusinian role of Triptolemus as giver of Demeter's knowledge to mankind. Orpheus was an augur and seer; he practiced magical arts and astrology, founded cults to Apollo and Dionysus[15] and prescribed the mystery rites preserved in Orphic texts. Pindar and Apollonius of Rhodes[16] place Orpheus as the harpist and companion of Jason and the Argonauts. Orpheus had a brother named Linus, who went to Thebes and became a Theban.[17] He is claimed by Aristophanes and Horace to have taught cannibals to subsist on fruit, and to have made lions and tigers obedient to him. Horace believed, however, that Orpheus had only introduced order and civilization to savages.[18]

Bertrand Russell noted:[19]

The Orphics were an ascetic sect; wine, to them, was only a symbol, as, later, in the Christian sacrament. The intoxication that they sought was that of "enthusiasm," of union with the god. They believed themselves, in this way, to acquire mystic knowledge not obtainable by ordinary means. This mystical element entered into Greek philosophy with Pythagoras, who was a reformer of Orphism as Orpheus was a reformer of the religion of Dionysus. From Pythagoras Orphic elements entered into the philosophy of Plato, and from Plato into most later philosophy that was in any degree religious.

Strabo[20] (64 BC – c. AD 24) presents Orpheus as a mortal, who lived and died in a village close to Olympus. "Some, of course, received him willingly, but others, since they suspected a plot and violence, combined against him and killed him." He made money as a musician and "wizard" – Strabo uses agurteúonta (a???te???ta),[21] also used by Sophocles in Oedipus Tyrannus to characterize Teiresias as a trickster with an excessive desire for possessions. Agúrtes (a???t??) most often meant charlatan[22] and always had a negative connotation. Pausanias writes of an unnamed Egyptian who considered Orpheus a mágeuse (µ??e?se), i.e., magician.[23][non-primary source needed]

Mythology[edit]

Important sites in the life and travels of Orpheus
Early life[edit]

According to Apollodorus[24] and a fragment of Pindar,[25] Orpheus' father was Oeagrus, a Thracian king; or, according to another version of the story, the god Apollo. His mother was the muse Calliope; or, a daughter of Pierus,[26] son of Makednos. His birthplace and place of residence was in Pimpleia,[27][28][29] Olympus. In Argonautica the location of Oeagrus and Calliope's wedding is close to Pimpleia,[30] near Olympus.[29][31] While living with his mother and her eight beautiful sisters in Parnassus,[32] he met Apollo, who was courting the laughing muse Thalia. Apollo, as the god of music, gave Orpheus a golden lyre and taught him to play it. Orpheus' mother taught him to make verses for singing. Strabo mentions that he lived in Pimpleia.[29] He is also said to have studied in Egypt.[33]

According to Diodorus Siculus, Musaeus of Athens was the son of Orpheus.[34]

Orpheus is said to have established the worship of Hecate in Aegina.[35] In Laconia Orpheus is said to have brought the worship of Demeter Chthonia[36] and that of the Kores Soteiras (Greek,???e? S?te??a?) savior maid.[clarification needed][37] Also in Taygetus a wooden image of Orpheus was said to have been kept by Pelasgians in the sanctuary of the Eleusinian Demeter.[38]

Travelling as an Argonaut[edit]

Main article: Argonautica

The Argonautica (Greek: ?????a?t???) is a Greek epic poem written by Apollonius Rhodius in the 3rd century BC. Orpheus took part in this adventure and used his skills to aid his companions. Chiron told Jason that without the aid of Orpheus, the Argonauts would never be able to pass the Sirens—the same Sirens encountered by Odysseus in Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. The Sirens lived on three small, rocky islands called Sirenum scopuli and sang beautiful songs that enticed sailors to come to them, which resulted in the crashing of their ships into the islands. When Orpheus heard their voices, he drew his lyre and played music that was louder and more beautiful, drowning out the Sirens' bewitching songs. According to 3rd century BC Hellenistic elegiac poet Phanocles, Orpheus loved the young Argonaut Calais, "the son of Boreas, with all his heart, and went often in shaded groves still singing of his desire, nor was his heart at rest. But always, sleepless cares wasted his spirits as he looked at fresh Calais."[39][40]

Death of Eurydice[edit]

Orpheus with the lyre and surrounded by beasts (Byzantine & Christian Museum, Athens)
See also: Descent to the underworld

The most famous story in which Orpheus figures is that of his wife Eurydice (sometimes referred to as Euridice and also known as Argiope). While walking among her people, the Cicones, in tall grass at her wedding, Eurydice was set upon by a satyr. In her efforts to escape the satyr, Eurydice fell into a nest of vipers and suffered a fatal bite on her heel. Her body was discovered by Orpheus who, overcome with grief, played such sad and mournful songs that all the nymphs and gods wept. On their advice, Orpheus travelled to the underworld. His music softened the hearts of Hades and Persephone, who agreed to allow Eurydice to return with him to earth on one condition: he should walk in front of her and not look back until they both had reached the upper world. He set off with Eurydice following, and, in his anxiety, as soon as he reached the upper world, he turned to look at her, forgetting that both needed to be in the upper world, and she vanished for the second time, but now forever.

The story in this form belongs to the time of Virgil, who first introduces the name of Aristaeus (by the time of Virgil's Georgics, the myth has Aristaeus chasing Eurydice when she was bitten by a serpent) and the tragic outcome.[41] Other ancient writers, however, speak of Orpheus' visit to the underworld in a more negative light; according to Phaedrus in Plato's Symposium,[42] the infernal gods only "presented an apparition" of Eurydice to him. In fact, Plato's representation of Orpheus is that of a coward, as instead of choosing to die in order to be with the one he loved, he instead mocked the gods by trying to go to Hades to bring her back alive. Since his love was not "true"—he did not want to die for love—he was actually punished by the gods, first by giving him only the apparition of his former wife in the underworld, and then by being killed by women. Ovid says that Eurydice's death was not caused by fleeing from Aristaeus but by dancing with naiads on her wedding day.

Virgil wrote in his poem that Dryads wept from Epirus and Hebrus up to the land of the Getae (north east Danube valley) and even describes him wandering into Hyperborea and Tanais (ancient Greek city in the Don river delta)[43] due to his grief.

The story of Eurydice may actually be a late addition to the Orpheus myths. In particular, the name Eurudike ("she whose justice extends widely") recalls cult-titles attached to Persephone. According to the theories of poet Robert Graves, the myth may have been derived from another Orpheus legend, in which he travels to Tartarus and charms the goddess Hecate.[44]

The myth theme of not looking back, an essential precaution in Jason's raising of chthonic Brimo Hekate under Medea's guidance,[45] is reflected in the Biblical story of Lot's wife when escaping from Sodom. More directly, the story of Orpheus is similar to the ancient Greek tales of Persephone captured by Hades and similar stories of Adonis captive in the underworld. However, the developed form of the Orpheus myth was entwined with the Orphic mystery cults and, later in Rome, with the development of Mithraism and the cult of Sol Invictus.

Thracian Girl Carrying the Head of Orpheus on His Lyre by Gustave Moreau (1865)
Death[edit]

According to a Late Antique summary of Aeschylus' lost play Bassarids, Orpheus, towards the end of his life, disdained the worship of all gods except the sun, whom he called Apollo. One early morning he went to the oracle of Dionysus at Mount Pangaion[46] to salute his god at dawn, but was ripped to shreds by Thracian Maenads for not honoring his previous patron (Dionysus) and buried in Pieria.[15][47] Here his death is analogous with that of Pentheus, who was also torn to pieces by Maenads; and it has been speculated that the Orphic mystery cult regarded Orpheus as a parallel figure to or even an incarnation of Dionysus.[48] Both made similar journeys into Hades, and Dionysus Zagreus suffered an identical death.[49] Pausanias writes that Orpheus was buried in Dion and that he met his death there.[50] He writes that the river Helicon sank underground when the women that killed Orpheus tried to wash off their blood-stained hands in its waters.[51]

Ovid recounts that Orpheus .. had abstained from the love of women, either because things ended badly for him, or because he had sworn to do so. Yet, many felt a desire to be joined with the poet, and many grieved at rejection. Indeed, he was the first of the Thracian people to transfer his affection to young boys and enjoy their brief springtime, and early flowering this side of manhood.

—?Ovid. trans. A. S. Kline, Ovid: The Metamorphoses, Book X

Feeling spurned by Orpheus for taking only male lovers, the Ciconian women, followers of Dionysus,[52] first threw sticks and stones at him as he played, but his music was so beautiful even the rocks and branches refused to hit him. Enraged, the women tore him to pieces during the frenzy of their Bacchic orgies.[53] In Albrecht Dürer's drawing of Orpheus' death, based on an original, now lost, by Andrea Mantegna, a ribbon high in the tree above him is lettered Orfeus der erst puseran ("Orpheus, the first pederast").[54]

Death of Orpheus, by Dürer (1494)

His head and lyre, still singing mournful songs, floated down the swift Hebrus to the Mediterranean shore. There, the winds and waves carried them on to the Lesbos shore,[55] where the inhabitants buried his head and a shrine was built in his honour near Antissa;[56] there his oracle prophesied, until it was silenced by Apollo.[57] In addition to the people of Lesbos, Greeks from Ionia and Aetolia consulted the oracle, and his reputation spread as far as Babylon.[58]

Cave of Orpheus' oracle in Antissa, Lesbos

The lyre was carried to heaven by the Muses, and was placed among the stars. The Muses also gathered up the fragments of his body and buried them at Leibethra[59] below Mount Olympus, where the nightingales sang over his grave. After the river Sys flooded[60] Leibethra, the Macedonians took his bones to Dion. Orpheus' soul returned to the underworld where he was reunited at last with his beloved Eurydice.

Another legend places his tomb at Dion,[46] near Pydna in Macedon. In another version of the myth, Orpheus travels to Aornum in Thesprotia, Epirus to an old oracle for the dead. In the end Orpheus commits suicide from his grief unable to find Eurydice.[61]

Another account relates that he was struck with lightning by Zeus for having lied about the stories and the mysteries of the gods.

Orphic poems and rites[edit]

Nymphs Finding the Head of Orpheus by John William Waterhouse
Main article: Orphism (religion)

A number of Greek religious poems in hexameters were attributed to Orpheus, as they were to similar miracle-working figures, like Bakis, Musaeus, Abaris, Aristeas, Epimenides, and the Sibyl. Of this vast literature, only two examples survived whole: a set of hymns composed at some point in the second or third century, and an Orphic Argonautica composed somewhere between the fourth and sixth centuries. Earlier Orphic literature, which may date back as far as the sixth century BC, survives only in papyrus fragments or in quotations. Some of the earliest fragments may have been composed by Onomacritus.[62]

Nymphs Listening to the Songs of Orpheus, 1853 by Charles Jalabert
In addition to serving as a storehouse of mythological data along the lines of Hesiod's Theogony, Orphic poetry was recited in mystery-rites and purification rituals. Plato in particular tells of a class of vagrant beggar-priests who would go about offering purifications to the rich, a clatter of books by Orpheus and Musaeus in tow.[63] Those who were especially devoted to these rituals and poems often practiced vegetarianism and abstention from sex, and refrained from eating eggs and beans — which came to be known as the Orphikos bios, or "Orphic way of life".[64]

The Derveni papyrus, found in Derveni, Macedonia (Greece) in 1962, contains a philosophical treatise that is an allegorical commentary on an Orphic poem in hexameters, a theogony concerning the birth of the gods, produced in the circle of the philosopher Anaxagoras, written in the second half of the fifth century BC. Fragments of the poem are quoted making it "the most important new piece of evidence about Greek philosophy and religion to come to light since the Renaissance".[65] The papyrus dates to around 340 BC, during the reign of Philip II of Macedon, making it Europe's oldest surviving manuscript.

The historian William Mitford wrote in 1784 that the very earliest form of a higher and cohesive ancient Greek religion was manifest in the Orphic poems.[66]

W. K. C. Guthrie wrote that Orpheus was the founder of mystery religions and the first to reveal to men the meanings of the initiation rites.[67

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
MORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
M
=
4
1
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+3
-
-
-
1+1+5
5+2
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
MORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
1
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+3
-
-
-
1+1+5
5+2
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
MORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
1
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+3
-
-
-
1+1+5
5+2
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

MORPHEUS - Greek God or Spirit of the Dreams of Kings
www.theoi.com › Greek Gods

In Greek mythology Morpheus was the leader of the Oneiroi, the personified spirits (daimones) of dreams. He was a messenger of the gods who appeared in the ...

MORPHEUS was the leader of the Oneiroi, the personified spirits (daimones) of dreams. He was a messenger of the gods who appeared in the dreams of kings in human guise.
Morpheus was probably equated with the unnamed dream-spirit sent by Zeus to deliver a message to King Agamemnon in the Iliad (see the Oneiroi page)

FAMILY OF MORPHEUS

PARENTS

HYPNOS (Ovid Metamorphoses 11.592)

ENCYCLOPEDIA

MORPHEUS (Morpheus), the son of Sleep, and the god of dreams. The name signifies the fashioner or moulder, because he shaped or formed the dreams which appeared to the sleeper. (Ov. Met. xi. 635.)
Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.

CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES
Ovid, Metamorphoses 11. 585 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. to C1st A.D.) :

"[Hera commands the messenger Iris summon Dream :] ‘Iris (Rainbow), my voice's trustiest messenger, hie quickly to the drowsy hall of Somnus (Sleep) [Hypnos], and bid him send a Dream of Ceyx drowned to break the tidings to [his wife] Alcyone.'
Then Iris, in her thousand hues enrobed traced through the sky her arching bow and reached the cloud-hid palace of the drowsy king [the God of Sleep] . . . Around him everywhere in various guise lie empty Somnia (Dreams) [Oneiroi], countless as ears of corn at harvest time or sands cast on the shore or leaves that fall upon the forest floor.
There Iris entered, brushing the Somnia (Dreams) aside, and the bright sudden radiance of her robe lit up the hallowed place; slowly the god his heavy eyelids raised, and sinking back time after time, his languid drooping head nodding upon his chest, at last he shook himself out of himself, and leaning up he recognized her and asked why she came, and she replied : ‘Somnus (Sleep) [Hypnos], quietest of the gods, Somnus, peace of all the world, balm of the soul, who drives care away, who gives ease to weary limbs after the hard day's toil and strength renewed to meet the morrow's tasks, bid now thy Dreams, whose perfect mimicry matches the truth, in Ceyx's likeness formed appear in Trachis to Alcyone and feign the shipwreck and her dear love drowned. So Juno [Hera] orders.’
Then, her task performed, Iris departed, for she could no more endure the power of Somnus, as drowsiness stole seeping through her frame, and fled away back o'er the arching rainbow as she came. The father Somnus (Sleep) chose from among his sons, his thronging thousand sons, one who in skill excelled to imitate the human form; Morpheus his name, than whom none can present more cunningly the features, gait and speech of men, their wonted clothes and turn of phrase. He mirrors only men; another forms the beasts and birds and the long sliding snakes. The gods have named him Icelos; here below the tribe of mortals call him Phobetor. A third, excelling in an art diverse, is Phantasos; he wears the cheating shapes of earth, rocks, water, trees--inanimate things. To kings and chieftains these at night display their phantom features; other dreams will roam among the people, haunting common folk. All these dream-brothers the old god passed by and chose Morpheus alone to undertake Thaumantias' [Iris'] commands; then in sweet drowsiness on his high couch he sank his head to sleep.
Soon through the dewy dark on noiseless wings flew Morpheus and with brief delay arrived at Trachis town and, laying his wings aside, took Ceyx's [ghostly] form and face and, deathly pale and naked, stood beside the poor wife's bed. His beard was wet and from his sodden hair the sea-drips flowed; then leaning over her, weeping, he said : ‘Poor, poor Alcyone! Do you know me, your Ceyx? Am I changed in death? Look! Now you see, you recognize--ah! Not your husband but your husband's ghost. Your prayers availed me nothing. I am dead. Feed not your heart with hope, hope false and vain. A wild sou'wester in the Aegaeum sea, striking my ship, in its huge hurricane destroyed her. Over my lips, calling your name--calling in vain--the waters washed. These tidings no dubious courier brings, no vague report: myself, here, shipwrecked, my own fate reveal. Come, rise and weep! Put on your mourning! Weep! Nor unlamented suffer me to join the shadowy spirits of Tartara (the Underworld).’
So Morpheus spoke, spoke too in such a voice as she must think her husband's (and his tears she took for true), and used her Ceyx' gestures. Asleep, she moaned and wept and stretched her arms to hold him, but embraced the empty air. ‘Oh wait for me!’ she cried, ‘Why haste away? I will come too.’
Roused by her voice's sound and by her husband's ghost, now wide awake, she looked . . . but found him nowhere . . . She cried, ‘. . . He is dead, shipwrecked and drowned. I saw him, knew him, tried to hold him--as he vanished--in my arms. He was a ghost, but yet distinct and clear, truly my husband's ghost, though to be sure his face was changed, his shining grace was gone. Naked and deathly pale, with dripping hair, I saw him--woe is me!’"
[N.B. Ovid uses the original Greek names for the three gods of dreams.]

 

 

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MORPHEUS
-
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1
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M
=
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1
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
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4
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-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
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6
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
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-
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-
9
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
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-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
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8
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
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5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4+3
-
-
-
1+1+5
5+2
4+3
-
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-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
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7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
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5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
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-
-
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7
-
8
MORPHEUS
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
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5
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7
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O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
4
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7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
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4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
4
5
-
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-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
-
7
ORPHEUS
102
48
39
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3+9
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+8
3+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
12
12
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
7
ORPHEUS
3
3
3
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
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ORPHEUS
-
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1
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O
=
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1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
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9
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
-
7
-
102
48
39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
1
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
4
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
15
First Total
217
100
82
-
2
2
6
4
10
12
14
16
18
8+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
1+0+0
8+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
10
1
10
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
P
=
7
11
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
12
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
14
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
15
First Total
217
100
82
-
2
2
6
4
10
12
14
16
18
8+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
1+0+0
8+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
10
1
10
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
14
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
P
=
7
11
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
12
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
15
First Total
217
100
82
-
2
2
6
4
10
12
14
16
18
8+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
1+0+0
8+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
10
1
10
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ORPHEUS
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
S
=
1
7
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
U
=
3
6
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
14
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
2
O
=
6
1
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
2
P
=
7
3
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
11
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
2
H
=
8
4
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
H
=
8
12
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
2
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
R
=
9
10
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
2
43
-
8
MORPHEUS
115
52
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82
-
15
First Total
217
100
82
-
2
2
6
4
10
12
14
16
18
-
-
8+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
2+1+7
1+0+0
8+2
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+6
1+8
-
-
-
-
10
-
6
Second Total
10
1
10
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1
-
2
2
6
4
1
3
5
7
9
-
-

 

 

 

IN

THE

BEGINNING

WAS THE WORD AND THE WORD WAS

WITH

GOD AND THE WORD WAS GOD

THE

SAME WAS IN THE BEGINNING WITH

GOD ALL THINGS WERE MADE BY GOD AND WITHOUT GOD

WAS

NOT

ANYTHING

MADE THAT WAS MADE

IN

GOD

WAS LIFE AND THE LIFE WAS

THE

LIGHT

OF

HUMANKIND

AND

THE LIGHT SHINETH IN THE DARKNESS AND THE DARKNESS COMPREHENDED IT NOT

 

 

I

AM

ALPHA AND OMEGA

THE BEGINNING AND THE END THE FIRST AND THE LAST

I

AM

THE ROOT AND THE OFFSPRING

OF

DAVID

AND

THE BRIGHT AND MORNING STAR

AND

THE SPIRIT AND THE BRIDE SAY COME

AND

LET THEM THAT HEARETH SAY COME

AND

LET THEM THAT IS ATHIRST COME

AND

WHOSOEVER WILL LET THEM TAKE THE WATER OF LIFE FREELY

 

 

 

 

The Bardo Thodol differentiates the intermediate state between lives into three bardos:
1.The chikhai bardo or "bardo of the moment of death", which features the experience of the "clear light of reality", or at least the nearest approximation of which one is spiritually capable;
2.The chonyid bardo or "bardo of the experiencing of reality", which features the experience of visions of various Buddha forms, or the nearest approximations of which one is capable;
3.The sidpa bardo or "bardo of rebirth", which features karmically impelled hallucinations which eventually result in rebirth, typically yab-yum imagery of men and women passionately entwined.

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE BARDO THOD0L
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
H
=
8
-
5
BARDO
40
22
4
E
=
5
-
3
THODOL
74
29
2
-
-
15
-
14
THE BARDO THODOL
147
66
66
-
-
1+5
-
1+1
-`
1+4+7
6+6
6+6
-
-
6
-
5
THE BARDO THODOL
12
12
12
-
-
-
-
-
-`
1+2
1+2
1+2
-
-
6
-
5
THE BARDO THODOL
3
3
3

 

 

T
=
2
-
14
THE BARDO THODEL
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
14
THE BARDO THODEL
244
92
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
-
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
D
=
4
7
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
8
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
22
-
5
-
40
22
22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
10
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
11
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
12
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
13
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
14
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
-
6
-
74
29
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
66
4
14
THE BARDO THODEL
147
66
66
-
1
6
3
8
5
18
7
16
9
-
-
6+6
-
1+4
-`
1+4+7
6+6
6+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
1+6
-
S
-
12
4
5
THE BARDO THODEL
12
12
12
-
1
6
3
8
5
9
7
7
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-`
1+2
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
THE BARDO THODEL
3
3
3
-
1
6
3
8
5
9
7
7
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
14
THE BARDO THODEL
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
14
THE BARDO THODEL
244
92
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
D
=
4
7
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
8
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
10
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
11
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
12
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
13
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
14
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
66
4
14
THE BARDO THODEL
147
66
66
-
1
6
3
8
5
18
7
16
9
-
-
6+6
-
1+4
-`
1+4+7
6+6
6+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
1+6
-
S
-
12
4
5
THE BARDO THODEL
12
12
12
-
1
6
3
8
5
9
7
7
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-`
1+2
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
THE BARDO THODEL
3
3
3
-
1
6
3
8
5
9
7
7
9

 

 

T
=
2
-
14
THE BARDO THODEL
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
14
THE BARDO THODEL
244
92
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
9
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
L
=
3
14
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
D
=
4
7
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
D
=
4
12
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
8
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
O
=
6
11
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
O
=
6
13
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
H
=
8
10
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
6
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
-
66
4
14
THE BARDO THODEL
147
66
66
-
1
6
3
8
5
18
7
16
9
-
-
6+6
-
1+4
-`
1+4+7
6+6
6+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
1+6
-
S
-
12
4
5
THE BARDO THODEL
12
12
12
-
1
6
3
8
5
9
7
7
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-`
1+2
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
THE BARDO THODEL
3
3
3
-
1
6
3
8
5
9
7
7
9

 

LETTERS TRANSCRIBED INTO NUMBERS

IONE1 TO 9NINE

REARRANGED NUMERICALLY.

 

 
 
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